Story listening, narrative therapy: Dr Kondekar gives ideas for parents to learn and practice the art

Story Listening Skills Training in Autism

for simple tips on types of stories: Read our past article on same. https://speechandsenses.blogspot.com/2023/12/stories-way-of-teaching-language-and.html

now lets frame its science and the practical module.

A Structured Neurocognitive Approach for Improving Attention, Comprehension & Logical Processing

Story listening is not passive hearing.
It is active cognitive integration of:

• Auditory attention

• Working memory

• Language comprehension

• Emotional processing

• Logical sequencing

For children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), story listening must be trained systematically, not assumed.

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1️⃣ Why Story Listening is Difficult in Autism

Common challenges:

• Reduced sustained attention

• Auditory processing delay

• Literal interpretation

• Difficulty holding information in working memory

• Weak inference skills

• Limited joint attention

Listening requires the brain to:

1. Decode sound

2. Attach meaning

3. Store information

4. Connect events logically

5. Extract emotion

6. Predict outcomes

That is a high-level executive task.

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2️⃣ Components of Story Listening Skills

A. Auditory Attention

Ability to focus on spoken language without distraction.

B. Auditory Memory

Remembering details after hearing them.

C. Sequential Processing

Understanding order of events.

D. Comprehension

Grasping meaning beyond words.

E. Inferential Thinking

Understanding what is not directly stated.

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3️⃣ Levels of Story Listening Training

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LEVEL 1: Sound Awareness & Attention

Goal: Teach child to attend to voice.

Activities:

• Call child’s name → wait → reinforce eye contact

• Read 2-line mini stories

• Use exaggerated tone

• Pause dramatically

Ask:
“What did I say?”

Target:
✔ Auditory focus
✔ Joint attention

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LEVEL 2: Short Structured Listening (2–3 Sentences)

Example:

“Ravi went to the park. He saw a dog. The dog barked.”

Questions:

• Where did Ravi go?

• What did he see?

• What happened?

Train:
✔ Listening retention
✔ WH comprehension
✔ Cause-effect linking

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LEVEL 3: Paragraph Listening

Read 4–6 sentence story.

After listening, child must:

• Retell in order

• Identify problem

• Identify emotion

• Predict next event

This trains:
✔ Working memory
✔ Logical sequencing
✔ Emotional comprehension

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LEVEL 4: Advanced Listening & Logical Extraction

Read longer story without visuals.

Child must:

• Summarize in 3 sentences

• Extract moral

• Identify illogical action

• Suggest alternative ending

This develops:
✔ Abstract reasoning
✔ Executive function
✔ Inference

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4️⃣ 30 Activities to Improve Story Listening

Attention-Based

1. Clap when you hear a specific word

2. Raise hand when character is happy

3. Bell sound when problem appears

4. Listen and draw

5. Fill missing word

Memory-Based

6. Repeat last sentence

7. Recall 3 key words

8. Recall sequence

9. Match spoken story to picture

10. Arrange pictures after listening

Comprehension-Based

11. Who question

12. Why question

13. How question

14. What happened first?

15. What happened last?

Logical Thinking

16. What should he do?

17. Was it correct?

18. What will happen next?

19. What if he didn’t…?

20. Identify mistake

Emotional Listening

21. How did she feel?

22. Why was she sad?

23. What helped her?

24. Is he angry or scared?

25. When did emotion change?

Advanced Executive Training

26. Summarize in 5 words

27. Give title to story

28. Extract moral

29. Compare two stories

30. Tell from another character’s view

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5️⃣ Listening Progression Chart

Level	Expected Outcome
1	Attends for 30–60 sec
2	Answers basic WH questions
3	Retells 3–4 events in order
4	Makes inference & prediction
5	Summarizes & extracts meaning

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6️⃣ Common Mistakes Parents Make

• Reading too long stories

• No pauses

• Asking too many questions

• Not checking comprehension

• Repeating without engagement

Listening improves when:
✔ Stories are short
✔ Tone is expressive
✔ Questions are structured
✔ Visual + auditory integration used

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7️⃣ Measuring Improvement

Improvement seen as:

• Increased listening duration

• Reduced need for repetition

• Better story recall

• Improved classroom comprehension

• Improved academic writing

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8️⃣ Clinical Insight

Story listening is the foundation of:

• Classroom learning

• Social understanding

• Instruction following

• Emotional regulation

• Logical thinking

Without listening skill, communication and composition cannot mature.

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Structured Module

Story Listening Skills Training Program for Children with Autism

This module is designed for parents, therapists, and special educators working with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, learning disabilities, and related neurodevelopmental conditions.

It follows a stepwise neurocognitive progression model to strengthen:

• Auditory attention

• Working memory

• Language comprehension

• Logical sequencing

• Emotional understanding

• Executive control

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MODULE OVERVIEW

Phase	Focus	Duration
Phase 1	Attention & Sound Awareness	2 weeks
Phase 2	Short Story Listening	2–3 weeks
Phase 3	Paragraph Processing	3 weeks
Phase 4	Advanced Logical Listening	3–4 weeks

Total Duration: 10–12 weeks
Frequency: 4–5 sessions per week
Session Length: 20–30 minutes

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PHASE 1: Auditory Attention & Joint Listening (Weeks 1–2)

Goals

• Improve listening duration

• Increase eye–ear coordination

• Build joint attention

Session Structure

Step 1: Attention Warm-up (5 minutes)

• Call child’s name

• Eye contact reinforcement

• Clap when you hear a word

Step 2: 2-Line Mini Story

Example:
“Rohan has a ball. The ball is red.”

Ask:

• What does Rohan have?

• What color is the ball?

Step 3: Reinforcement

• Praise immediately

• Visual token system

Expected Outcome

• Child listens for 1 minute without distraction

• Answers simple factual question

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PHASE 2: Structured Short Story Listening (Weeks 3–5)

Goals

• Strengthen auditory memory

• Develop WH comprehension

• Introduce sequencing

Story Format (3–4 Sentences)

Example:
“Meera went to the park. She saw a dog. The dog barked loudly. Meera felt scared.”

Questions

1. Where did Meera go?

2. What did she see?

3. Why was she scared?

4. What happened first?

Activities

• Arrange pictures after listening

• Repeat story in own words

• Identify emotion

Expected Outcome

• Retells 3 events in correct order

• Identifies basic emotion

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PHASE 3: Paragraph Listening & Logical Processing (Weeks 6–8)

Goals

• Improve working memory

• Develop cause–effect reasoning

• Build emotional inference

Story Length

5–6 sentences

After listening, child must:

• Summarize in 3 sentences

• Identify problem

• Identify solution

• Predict what will happen next

Advanced Prompts

• Was the character correct?

• What else could he do?

• What will happen tomorrow?

Expected Outcome

• Logical explanation of events

• Reduced need for repetition

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PHASE 4: Advanced Listening & Executive Function (Weeks 9–12)

Goals

• Abstract reasoning

• Moral extraction

• Flexible thinking

• Independent summarization

Activities

• Summarize story in 5 words

• Give story a title

• Identify illogical action

• Change ending

• Compare two stories

Executive Skills Trained

✔ Planning
✔ Inhibition
✔ Cognitive flexibility
✔ Abstract thinking

Expected Outcome

• Independent summarization

• Predictive reasoning

• Improved classroom listening

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Weekly Monitoring Sheet

Parents record:

Skill	Score (1–5)
Attention duration
Correct answers
Sequencing ability
Emotional understanding
Retelling clarity

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Common Clinical Adjustments

If child:

• Gets distracted → shorten story

• Repeats story mechanically → add “why” questions

• Avoids answering → provide choice-based questions

• Becomes anxious → reduce question load

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Outcome Indicators After 12 Weeks

• Increased listening stamina

• Better academic comprehension

• Improved sentence formation

• Stronger logical flow in speech

• Improved social understanding

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Clinical Insight

Story listening training is foundational for:

• Classroom success

• Writing composition

• Social communication

• Behaviour regulation

• Executive maturity

When listening improves, cognition accelerates.

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I

📘 माता-पिता के लिए सरल घरेलू गाइड

ऑटिज़्म बच्चों में कहानी सुनने की क्षमता कैसे बढ़ाएँ?

(घर पर करने योग्य संरचित कार्यक्रम)

यह गाइड उन माता-पिता के लिए है जो अपने बच्चे की:

• सुनने की क्षमता

• भाषा विकास

• तर्क शक्ति

• भावनात्मक समझ

• स्कूल रेडीनेस

को घर पर व्यवस्थित तरीके से विकसित करना चाहते हैं।

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🌱 क्यों ज़रूरी है कहानी सुनना?

कहानी सुनना:

✔ ध्यान बढ़ाता है
✔ शब्दावली सुधारता है
✔ क्रम (पहले-बाद में) सिखाता है
✔ कारण-परिणाम समझाता है
✔ भावनाएँ पहचानना सिखाता है
✔ स्कूल में समझने की क्षमता बढ़ाता है

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🏠 घर पर 4-चरणीय आसान कार्यक्रम

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🔹 चरण 1: छोटी कहानी (पहले 2 सप्ताह)

क्या करें?

1–2 वाक्य की कहानी पढ़ें।

उदाहरण:
“रोहन के पास गेंद है। गेंद लाल है।”

पूछें:

• रोहन के पास क्या है?

• गेंद किस रंग की है?

🎯 लक्ष्य: बच्चा 30–60 सेकंड ध्यान से सुने।

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🔹 चरण 2: 3–4 वाक्य की कहानी (सप्ताह 3–5)

उदाहरण:

“मीरा पार्क गई। उसने कुत्ता देखा। कुत्ता भौंका। मीरा डर गई।”

पूछें:

• मीरा कहाँ गई?

• वह क्यों डरी?

• पहले क्या हुआ?

🎯 लक्ष्य:
✔ 3 घटनाएँ सही क्रम में बताए
✔ भावना पहचाने (डर, खुशी, गुस्सा)

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🔹 चरण 3: 5–6 वाक्य की कहानी (सप्ताह 6–8)

अब बच्चे से कहें:

• कहानी दोहराओ

• समस्या क्या थी?

• समाधान क्या था?

• आगे क्या होगा?

🎯 लक्ष्य:
✔ कारण-परिणाम समझे
✔ अपने शब्दों में बताए

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🔹 चरण 4: उन्नत सोच (सप्ताह 9–12)

अब पूछें:

• कहानी का शीर्षक क्या होगा?

• अगर ऐसा न होता तो क्या होता?

• और कौन-सा समाधान हो सकता है?

• इस कहानी से क्या सीख मिलती है?

🎯 लक्ष्य:
✔ तार्किक सोच
✔ भविष्यवाणी
✔ नैतिक समझ

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🧠 रोज़ 20 मिनट का सरल सत्र

समय	गतिविधि
5 मिनट	ध्यान अभ्यास (नाम पुकारना, आँख मिलाना)
10 मिनट	कहानी सुनाना
5 मिनट	प्रश्न और चर्चा

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📊 प्रगति कैसे मापें?

हर सप्ताह लिखें:

• कितनी देर ध्यान से सुना?

• कितने प्रश्न सही जवाब दिए?

• क्या क्रम सही बताया?

• क्या भावना पहचानी?

छोटा सुधार भी महत्वपूर्ण है।

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❗ सामान्य गलतियाँ

🚫 बहुत लंबी कहानी पढ़ना
🚫 जल्दी-जल्दी पढ़ना
🚫 केवल “क्या” पूछना (क्यों नहीं पूछना)
🚫 हर उत्तर सुधारते रहना

✔ धैर्य रखें
✔ मुस्कान रखें
✔ रोज़ अभ्यास करें

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🌟 3 स्वर्ण नियम

1️⃣ छोटी शुरुआत करें
2️⃣ रोज़ अभ्यास करें
3️⃣ “क्यों” और “कैसे” अवश्य पूछें

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💡 याद रखें

जब बच्चा सुनना सीखता है →
तो भाषा बेहतर होती है →
तो तर्क शक्ति बढ़ती है →
तो लेखन सुधरता है →
तो स्कूल में आत्मविश्वास बढ़ता है।

Author Prof. Dr Santosh Kondekar MBBS, MD (Pediatrics), DNB (Pediatrics), FAIMER Fellowship in Pediatric Neurology & Epilepsy Postgraduate Diploma in Developmental Neurology Professor of Pediatrics Developmental Neuro Pediatrician TN Medical College & BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai Director — AAKAAR Clinic Child Development Center Mumbai, India 📞 9869405747 🌐 www.autismdoctor.in for all post links click https://speechandsenses.blogspot.com/p/httpsspeechandsenses.html